(By Michael Lewis- Author of “Moneyball”- , New York Times,
February 15, 2009)
He had more
or less admitted to me that this part of his job left him cold. ‘It’s the same
thing every day,’ he said, as he struggled to explain how a man on the
receiving end of the raging love of 18,557 people in a darkened arena could
feel nothing. “If you had filet mignon every single night, you’d stop tasting
it.” To him the only pleasure in these
sounds — the name of his beloved alma mater, the roar of the crowd — was that
they marked the end of the worst part of his game day: the 11 minutes between
the end of warm-ups and the introductions. Eleven minutes of horsing around and
making small talk with players on the other team. All those players making
exaggerated gestures of affection toward one another before the game, who don’t
actually know one another, or even want to. “I hate being out on the floor
wasting that time,” he said. “I used to try to talk to people, but then I
figured out no one actually liked me very much.” Instead of engaging in the
pretense that these other professional basketball players actually know and
like him, he slips away into the locker room.
His name
reverberates through the arena as the announcer introduces him. Shane Battier! And up Shane Battier popped, to the howl of
the largest crowd ever to watch a basketball game at the Toyota Center in
Houston, and jumped playfully into Yao Ming (the center “out of China”). Now,
finally, came the best part of his day, when he would be, oddly, most
scrutinized and least understood. Seldom
are regular-season games in the N.B.A. easy to get worked up for. Yesterday
Battier couldn’t tell me whom the team played three days before. (“The Knicks!”
he exclaimed a minute later. “We played the Knicks!”) Tonight, though it was a
midweek game in the middle of January, was different. Tonight the Rockets were
playing the Los Angeles Lakers, and so Battier would guard Kobe Bryant, the
player he says is the most capable of humiliating him. Both Battier and the
Rockets’ front office were familiar with the story line. “I’m certain that Kobe
is ready to just destroy Shane,” Daryl Morey, the Rockets’ general manager,
told me. “Because there’s been story after story about how Shane shut Kobe down
the last time.”
Last time
was March 16, 2008, when the Houston Rockets beat the Lakers to win their 22nd
game in a row — the second-longest streak in N.B.A. history. The game drew a
huge national television audience, which followed Bryant for his 47 miserable
minutes: he shot 11 of 33 from the field and scored 24 points. “A lot of people
watched,” Morey said. “Everyone watches Kobe when the Lakers play. And so
everyone saw Kobe struggling. And so for the first time they saw what we’d been
seeing.” Battier has routinely guarded the league’s most dangerous offensive
players — LeBron James, Chris Paul, Paul Pierce — and has usually managed to
render them, if not entirely ineffectual, then a lot less effectual than they
normally are. He has done it so quietly that no one really notices what exactly
he is up to.
Last season,
in a bid to draw some attention to Battier’s defense, the Rockets’
public-relations department would send a staff member to the opponent’s locker
room to ask leading questions of whichever superstar Battier had just
hamstrung: “Why did you have so much trouble tonight?” “Did he do something to
disrupt your game?” According to Battier: “They usually say they had an off
night. They think of me as some chump.” He senses that some players actually
look forward to being guarded by him. “No one dreads being guarded by me,” he
said. Morey confirmed as much: “That’s actually true. But for two reasons: (a)
They don’t think anyone can guard them and (b) they really scoff at the notion
Shane Battier could guard them. They all think his reputation exceeds his
ability.” Even as Battier was being introduced in the arena, Ahmad Rashad was
wrapping up his pregame report on NBA TV and saying, “Shane Battier will try to
stop Kobe Bryant.” This caused the co-host Gary Payton to laugh and reply,
“Ain’t gonna happen,” and the other co-host, Chris Webber, to add, “I think
Kobe will score 50, and they’ll win by 19 going away.”
Early on,
Hoop Scoop magazine named Shane Battier the fourth-best seventh grader in the
United States. When he graduated from Detroit Country Day School in 1997, he
received the Naismith Award as the best high-school basketball player in the
nation. When he graduated from Duke in 2001, where he won a record-tying 131
college-basketball games, including that year’s N.C.A.A. championship, he
received another Naismith Award as the best college basketball player in the
nation. He was drafted in the first round by the woeful Memphis Grizzlies, not
just a bad basketball team but the one with the worst winning percentage in
N.B.A. history — whereupon he was almost instantly dismissed, even by his own
franchise, as a lesser talent. The year after Battier joined the Grizzlies, the
team’s general manager was fired and the N.B.A. legend Jerry West, a k a the
Logo because his silhouette is the official emblem of the N.B.A., took over the
team. “From the minute Jerry West got there he was trying to trade me,” Battier
says. If West didn’t have any takers, it was in part because Battier seemed
limited: most of the other players on the court, and some of the players on the
bench, too, were more obviously gifted than he is. “He’s, at best, a marginal
N.B.A. athlete,” Morey says.
The
Grizzlies went from 23-59 in Battier’s rookie year to 50-32 in his third year,
when they made the N.B.A. playoffs, as they did in each of his final three
seasons with the team. Before the 2006-7 season, Battier was traded to the
Houston Rockets, who had just finished 34-48. In his first season with the
Rockets, they finished 52-30, and then, last year, went 55-27 — including one
stretch of 22 wins in a row. Only the 1971-2 Los Angeles Lakers have won more
games consecutively in the N.B.A. And because of injuries, the Rockets played
11 of those 22 games without their two acknowledged stars, Tracy McGrady and
Yao Ming, on the court at the same time; the Rockets player who spent the most
time actually playing for the Rockets during the streak was Shane Battier. This
year Battier, recovering from off-season surgery to remove bone spurs from an
ankle, has played in just over half of the Rockets’ games. That has only
highlighted his importance. “This year,” Morey says, “we have been a
championship team with him and a bubble playoff team without him.” Here we have a basketball mystery: a player is
widely regarded inside the N.B.A. as, at best, a replaceable cog in a machine
driven by superstars. And yet every team he has ever played on has acquired
some magical ability to win.
Solving the
mystery is somewhere near the heart of Daryl Morey’s job. In 2005, the Houston
Rockets’ owner, Leslie Alexander, decided to hire new management for his losing
team and went looking specifically for someone willing to rethink the game. “We
now have all this data,” Alexander told me. “And we have computers that can
analyze that data. And I wanted to use that data in a progressive way. When I
hired Daryl, it was because I wanted somebody that was doing more than just
looking at players in the normal way. I mean, I’m not even sure we’re playing
the game the right way.” The virus that
infected professional baseball in the 1990s, the use of statistics to find new
and better ways to value players and strategies, has found its way into every
major sport. Not just basketball and football, but also soccer and cricket and
rugby and, for all I know, snooker and darts — each one now supports a
subculture of smart people who view it not just as a game to be played but as a
problem to be solved. Outcomes that seem, after the fact, all but inevitable —
of course LeBron James hit that buzzer beater, of course the Pittsburgh
Steelers won the Super Bowl — are instead treated as a set of probabilities,
even after the fact. The games are games of odds. Like professional card
counters, the modern thinkers want to play the odds as efficiently as they can;
but of course to play the odds efficiently they must first know the odds. Hence
the new statistics, and the quest to acquire new data, and the intense interest
in measuring the impact of every little thing a player does on his team’s chances
of winning. In its spirit of inquiry, this subculture inside professional
basketball is no different from the subculture inside baseball or football or
darts. The difference in basketball is that it happens to be the sport that is
most like life.
When
Alexander, a Wall Street investor, bought the Rockets in 1993, the notion that
basketball was awaiting some statistical reformation hadn’t occurred to anyone.
At the time, Daryl Morey was at Northwestern University, trying to figure out
how to get a job in professional sports and thinking about applying to business
schools. He was tall and had played high-school basketball, but otherwise he
gave off a quizzical, geeky aura. “A lot of people who are into the new try to
hide it,” he says. “With me there was no point.” In the third grade he stumbled
upon the work of the baseball writer Bill James — the figure most responsible
for the current upheaval in professional sports — and decided that what he
really wanted to do with his life was put Jamesian principles into practice. He
nursed this ambition through a fairly conventional academic career, which
eventually took him to M.I.T.’s Sloan School of Management. There he opted for
the entrepreneurial track, not because he actually wanted to be an entrepreneur
but because he figured that the only way he would ever be allowed to run a
pro-sports franchise was to own one, and the only way he could imagine having
enough money to buy one was to create some huge business. “This is the 1990s —
there’s no Theo,” Morey says, referring to Theo Epstein, the statistics-minded
general manager of the Boston Red Sox. “Sandy Alderson is progressive, but
nobody knows it.” Sandy Alderson, then the general manager of the Oakland
Athletics, had also read Bill James and begun to usher in the new age of
statistical analysis in baseball. “So,” Morey continues, “I just assumed that
getting rich was the only way in.” Apart from using it to acquire a pro-sports
team, Morey had no exceptional interest in money.
He didn’t
need great wealth, as it turned out. After graduating from business school, he
went to work for a consulting firm in Boston called Parthenon, where he was
tapped in 2001 to advise a group trying to buy the Red Sox. The bid failed, but
a related group went and bought the Celtics — and hired Morey to help
reorganize the business. In addition to figuring out where to set ticket
prices, Morey helped to find a new general manager and new people looking for
better ways to value basketball players. The Celtics improved. Leslie Alexander
heard whispers that Morey, who was 33, was out in front of those trying to
rethink the game, so he hired him to remake the Houston Rockets. When Morey came to the Rockets, a huge chunk
of the team’s allotted payroll — the N.B.A. caps payrolls and taxes teams that
exceed them — was committed, for many years to come, to two superstars: Tracy
McGrady and Yao Ming. Morey had to find ways to improve the Rockets without
spending money. “We couldn’t afford another superstar,” he says, “so we went
looking for nonsuperstars that we thought were undervalued.” He went looking,
essentially, for underpaid players. “That’s the scarce resource in the N.B.A.,”
he says. “Not the superstar but the undervalued player.” Sifting the population
of midlevel N.B.A. players, he came up with a list of 15, near the top of which
was the Memphis Grizzlies’ forward Shane Battier. This perplexed even the man
who hired Morey to rethink basketball. “All I knew was Shane’s stats,”
Alexander says, “and obviously they weren’t great. He had to sell me. It was
hard for me to see it.”
Alexander
wasn’t alone. It was, and is, far easier to spot what Battier doesn’t do than
what he does. His conventional statistics are unremarkable: he doesn’t score
many points, snag many rebounds, block many shots, steal many balls or dish out
many assists. On top of that, it is easy to see what he can never do: what
points he scores tend to come from jump shots taken immediately after receiving
a pass. “That’s the telltale sign of someone who can’t ramp up his offense,”
Morey says. “Because you can guard that shot with one player. And until you
can’t guard someone with one player, you really haven’t created an offensive
situation. Shane can’t create an offensive situation. He needs to be open.” For
fun, Morey shows me video of a few rare instances of Battier scoring when he
hasn’t exactly been open. Some large percentage of them came when he was being
guarded by an inferior defender — whereupon Battier backed him down and tossed
in a left jump-hook. “This is probably, to be honest with you, his only
offensive move,” Morey says. “But look, see how he pump fakes.” Battier indeed
pump faked, several times, before he shot over a defender. “He does that
because he’s worried about his shot being blocked.” Battier’s weaknesses arise
from physical limitations. Or, as Morey puts it, “He can’t dribble, he’s slow
and hasn’t got much body control.”
Battier’s
game is a weird combination of obvious weaknesses and nearly invisible
strengths. When he is on the court, his teammates get better, often a lot
better, and his opponents get worse — often a lot worse. He may not grab huge
numbers of rebounds, but he has an uncanny ability to improve his teammates’
rebounding. He doesn’t shoot much, but when he does, he takes only the most
efficient shots. He also has a knack for getting the ball to teammates who are
in a position to do the same, and he commits few turnovers. On defense,
although he routinely guards the N.B.A.’s most prolific scorers, he
significantly reduces their shooting percentages. At the same time he somehow
improves the defensive efficiency of his teammates — probably, Morey surmises,
by helping them out in all sorts of subtle ways. “I call him Lego,” Morey says.
“When he’s on the court, all the pieces start to fit together. And everything
that leads to winning that you can get to through intellect instead of innate
ability, Shane excels in. I’ll bet he’s in the hundredth percentile of every
category.”
There are
other things Morey has noticed too, but declines to discuss as there is right
now in pro basketball real value to new information, and the Rockets feel they
have some. What he will say, however, is that the big challenge on any
basketball court is to measure the right things. The five players on any
basketball team are far more than the sum of their parts; the Rockets devote a
lot of energy to untangling subtle interactions among the team’s elements. To
get at this they need something that basketball hasn’t historically supplied:
meaningful statistics. For most of its history basketball has measured not so
much what is important as what is easy to measure — points, rebounds, assists,
steals, blocked shots — and these measurements have warped perceptions of the
game. (“Someone created the box score,” Morey says, “and he should be shot.”)
How many points a player scores, for example, is no true indication of how much
he has helped his team. Another example: if you want to know a player’s value
as a rebounder, you need to know not whether he got a rebound but the likelihood
of the team getting the rebound when a missed shot enters that player’s zone.
There is a
tension, peculiar to basketball, between the interests of the team and the
interests of the individual. The game continually tempts the people who play it
to do things that are not in the interest of the group. On the baseball field,
it would be hard for a player to sacrifice his team’s interest for his own.
Baseball is an individual sport masquerading as a team one: by doing what’s
best for himself, the player nearly always also does what is best for his team.
“There is no way to selfishly get across home plate,” as Morey puts it. “If
instead of there being a lineup, I could muscle my way to the plate and hit
every single time and damage the efficiency of the team — that would be the
analogy. Manny Ramirez can’t take at-bats away from David Ortiz. We had a point
guard in Boston who refused to pass the ball to a certain guy.” In football the
coach has so much control over who gets the ball that selfishness winds up
being self-defeating. The players most famous for being selfish — the Dallas
Cowboys’ wide receiver Terrell Owens, for instance — are usually not so much
selfish as attention seeking. Their sins tend to occur off the field. It is in basketball where the problems are
most likely to be in the game — where the player, in his play, faces choices
between maximizing his own perceived self-interest and winning. The choices are
sufficiently complex that there is a fair chance he doesn’t fully grasp that he
is making them.
Taking a bad
shot when you don’t need to is only the most obvious example. A point guard
might selfishly give up an open shot for an assist. You can see it happen every
night, when he’s racing down court for an open layup, and instead of taking it,
he passes it back to a trailing teammate. The teammate usually finishes with some
sensational dunk, but the likelihood of scoring nevertheless declined. “The
marginal assist is worth more money to the point guard than the marginal
point,” Morey says. Blocked shots — they look great, but unless you secure the
ball afterward, you haven’t helped your team all that much. Players love the
spectacle of a ball being swatted into the fifth row, and it becomes a matter
of personal indifference that the other team still gets the ball back. Dikembe
Mutombo, Houston’s 42-year-old backup center, famous for blocking shots, “has
always been the best in the league in the recovery of the ball after his
block,” says Morey, as he begins to make a case for Mutombo’s unselfishness
before he stops and laughs. “But even to Dikembe there’s a selfish component. He
made his name by doing the finger wag.” The finger wag: Mutombo swats the ball,
grabs it, holds it against his hip and wags his finger at the opponent. Not in
my house! “And if he doesn’t catch the ball,” Morey says, “he can’t do the
finger wag. And he loves the finger wag.” His team of course would be better
off if Mutombo didn’t hold onto the ball long enough to do his finger wag.
“We’ve had to yell at him: start the break, start the break — then do your
finger wag!”
When I ask
Morey if he can think of any basketball statistic that can’t benefit a player
at the expense of his team, he has to think hard. “Offensive rebounding,” he
says, then reverses himself. “But even that can be counterproductive to the
team if your job is to get back on defense.” It turns out there is no statistic
that a basketball player accumulates that cannot be amassed selfishly.“ We think about this deeply whenever we’re
talking about contractual incentives,” he says. “We don’t want to incent a guy
to do things that hurt the team” — and the amazing thing about basketball is
how easy this is to do.“ They all
maximize what they think they’re being paid for,” he says. He laughs. “It’s a
tough environment for a player now because you have a lot of teams starting to
think differently. They’ve got to rethink how they’re getting paid.”
Having
watched Battier play for the past two and a half years, Morey has come to think
of him as an exception: the most abnormally unselfish basketball player he has
ever seen. Or rather, the player who seems one step ahead of the analysts,
helping the team in all sorts of subtle, hard-to-measure ways that appear to
violate his own personal interests. “Our last coach dragged him into a meeting
and told him he needed to shoot more,” Morey says. “I’m not sure that that ever
happened.” Last season when the Rockets played the San Antonio Spurs Battier
was assigned to guard their most dangerous scorer, Manu Ginóbili. Ginóbili
comes off the bench, however, and his minutes are not in sync with the minutes
of a starter like Battier. Battier privately went to Coach Rick Adelman and
told him to bench him and bring him in when Ginóbili entered the game. “No one
in the N.B.A. does that,” Morey says. “No one says put me on the bench so I can
guard their best scorer all the time.”
One
well-known statistic the Rockets’ front office pays attention to is plus-minus,
which simply measures what happens to the score when any given player is on the
court. In its crude form, plus-minus is hardly perfect: a player who finds
himself on the same team with the world’s four best basketball players, and who
plays only when they do, will have a plus-minus that looks pretty good, even if
it says little about his play. Morey says that he and his staff can adjust for
these potential distortions — though he is coy about how they do it — and
render plus-minus a useful measure of a player’s effect on a basketball game. A
good player might be a plus 3 — that is, his team averages 3 points more per
game than its opponent when he is on the floor. In his best season, the
superstar point guard Steve Nash was a plus 14.5. At the time of the Lakers
game, Battier was a plus 10, which put him in the company of Dwight Howard and
Kevin Garnett, both perennial All-Stars. For his career he’s a plus 6. “Plus 6
is enormous,” Morey says. “It’s the difference between 41 wins and 60 wins.” He
names a few other players who were a plus 6 last season: Vince Carter, Carmelo
Anthony, Tracy McGrady.
As the game
against the Lakers started, Morey took his seat, on the aisle, nine rows behind
the Rockets’ bench. The odds, on this night, were not good. Houston was playing
without its injured superstar, McGrady (who was in the clubhouse watching TV),
and its injured best supporting actor, Ron Artest (cheering in street clothes
from the bench). The Lakers were staffed by household names. The only Rockets
player on the floor with a conspicuous shoe contract was the center Yao Ming —
who opened the game by tipping the ball backward. Shane Battier began his game
by grabbing it.
Before the
Rockets traded for Battier, the front-office analysts obviously studied his
value. They knew all sorts of details about his efficiency and his ability to
reduce the efficiency of his opponents. They knew, for example, that stars
guarded by Battier suddenly lose their shooting touch. What they didn’t know
was why. Morey recognized Battier’s effects, but he didn’t know how he achieved
them. Two hundred or so basketball games later, he’s the world’s expert on the
subject — which he was studying all over again tonight. He pointed out how,
instead of grabbing uncertainly for a rebound, for instance, Battier would tip
the ball more certainly to a teammate. Guarding a lesser rebounder, Battier
would, when the ball was in the air, leave his own man and block out the other
team’s best rebounder. “Watch him,” a Houston front-office analyst told me
before the game. “When the shot goes up, he’ll go sit on Gasol’s knee.” (Pau
Gasol often plays center for the Lakers.) On defense, it was as if Battier had
set out to maximize the misery Bryant experiences shooting a basketball,
without having his presence recorded in any box score. He blocked the ball when
Bryant was taking it from his waist to his chin, for instance, rather than when
it was far higher and Bryant was in the act of shooting. “When you watch him,”
Morey says, “you see that his whole thing is to stay in front of guys and try
to block the player’s vision when he shoots. We didn’t even notice what he was
doing until he got here. I wish we could say we did, but we didn’t.”
People often
say that Kobe Bryant has no weaknesses to his game, but that’s not really true.
Before the game, Battier was given his special package of information. “He’s
the only player we give it to,” Morey says. “We can give him this fire hose of
data and let him sift. Most players are like golfers. You don’t want them
swinging while they’re thinking.” The data essentially broke down the floor
into many discrete zones and calculated the odds of Bryant making shots from
different places on the court, under different degrees of defensive pressure,
in different relationships to other players — how well he scored off screens,
off pick-and-rolls, off catch-and-shoots and so on. Battier learns a lot from
studying the data on the superstars he is usually assigned to guard. For
instance, the numbers show him that Allen Iverson is one of the most efficient
scorers in the N.B.A. when he goes to his right; when he goes to his left he
kills his team. The Golden State Warriors forward Stephen Jackson is an even
stranger case. “Steve Jackson,” Battier says, “is statistically better going to
his right, but he loves to go to his left — and goes to his left almost twice
as often.” The San Antonio Spurs’ Manu Ginóbili is a statistical freak: he has
no imbalance whatsoever in his game — there is no one way to play him that is
better than another. He is equally efficient both off the dribble and off the
pass, going left and right and from any spot on the floor.
Bryant isn’t
like that. He is better at pretty much everything than everyone else, but there
are places on the court, and starting points for his shot, that render him less
likely to help his team. When he drives to the basket, he is exactly as likely
to go to his left as to his right, but when he goes to his left, he is less
effective. When he shoots directly after receiving a pass, he is more efficient
than when he shoots after dribbling. He’s deadly if he gets into the lane and
also if he gets to the baseline; between the two, less so. “The absolute worst
thing to do,” Battier says, “is to foul him.” It isn’t that Bryant is an
especially good free-throw shooter but that, as Morey puts it, “the foul is the
worst result of a defensive play.” One way the Rockets can see which teams
think about the game as they do is by identifying those that “try dramatically
not to foul.” The ideal outcome, from the Rockets’ statistical point of view,
is for Bryant to dribble left and pull up for an 18-foot jump shot; force that
to happen often enough and you have to be satisfied with your night. “If he has
40 points on 40 shots, I can live with that,” Battier says. “My job is not to
keep him from scoring points but to make him as inefficient as possible.” The
court doesn’t have little squares all over it to tell him what percentage
Bryant is likely to shoot from any given spot, but it might as well.
The reason
the Rockets insist that Battier guard Bryant is his gift for encouraging him
into his zones of lowest efficiency. The effect of doing this is astonishing:
Bryant doesn’t merely help his team less when Battier guards him than when
someone else does. When Bryant is in the game and Battier is on him, the
Lakers’ offense is worse than if the N.B.A.’s best player had taken the night
off. “The Lakers’ offense should obviously be better with Kobe in,” Morey says.
“But if Shane is on him, it isn’t.” A player whom Morey describes as “a
marginal N.B.A. athlete” not only guards one of the greatest — and smartest —
offensive threats ever to play the game. He renders him a detriment to his
team.
And if you
knew none of this, you would never guess any of it from watching the game.
Bryant was quicker than Battier, so the latter spent much of his time chasing
around after him, Keystone Cops-like. Bryant shot early and often, but he
looked pretty good from everywhere. On defense, Battier talked to his teammates
a lot more than anyone else on the court, but from the stands it was hard to
see any point to this. And yet, he swears, there’s a reason to almost all of
it: when he decides where to be on the court and what angles to take, he is
constantly reminding himself of the odds on the stack of papers he read through
an hour earlier as his feet soaked in the whirlpool. “The numbers either refute
my thinking or support my thinking,” he says, “and when there’s any question, I
trust the numbers. The numbers don’t lie.” Even when the numbers agree with his
intuitions, they have an effect. “It’s a subtle difference,” Morey says, “but
it has big implications. If you have an intuition of something but no hard
evidence to back it up, you might kind of sort of go about putting that
intuition into practice, because there’s still some uncertainty if it’s right
or wrong.”
Knowing the
odds, Battier can pursue an inherently uncertain strategy with total certainty.
He can devote himself to a process and disregard the outcome of any given
encounter. This is critical because in basketball, as in everything else, luck
plays a role, and Battier cannot afford to let it distract him. Only once
during the Lakers game did we glimpse a clean, satisfying comparison of the
efficient strategy and the inefficient one — that is, an outcome that reflected
the odds. Ten feet from the hoop, Bryant got the ball with his back to the
basket; with Battier pressing against him, he fell back and missed a 12-foot
shot off the front of the rim. Moments earlier, with Battier reclining in the
deep soft chair that masquerades as an N.B.A. bench, his teammate Brent Barry
found himself in an analogous position. Bryant leaned into Barry, hit a
six-foot shot and drew a foul. But this was the exception; normally you don’t
get perfect comparisons. You couldn’t see the odds shifting subtly away from
the Lakers and toward the Rockets as Bryant was forced from 6 feet out to 12
feet from the basket, or when he had Battier’s hand in his eyes. All you saw
were the statistics on the board, and as the seconds ticked off to halftime,
the game tied 54-54, Bryant led all scorers with 16 points.
But he
required 20 possessions to get them. And he had started moaning to the
referees. Bryant is one of the great jawboners in the history of the N.B.A. A
major-league baseball player once showed me a slow-motion replay of the
Yankees’ third baseman Alex Rodriguez in the batter’s box. Glancing back to see
where the catcher has set up is not strictly against baseball’s rules, but it
violates the code. A hitter who does it is likely to find the next pitch aimed
in the general direction of his eyes. A-Rod, the best hitter in baseball,
mastered the art of glancing back by moving not his head, but his eyes, at just
the right time. It was like watching a billionaire find some trivial and
dubious deduction to take on his tax returns. Why bother? I thought, and then
realized: this is the instinct that separates A-Rod from mere stars. Kobe
Bryant has the same instinct. Tonight Bryant complained that Battier was
grabbing his jersey, Battier was pushing when no one was looking, Battier was
committing crimes against humanity. Just before the half ended, Battier took a
referee aside and said: “You and I both know Kobe does this all the time. I’m
playing him honest. Don’t fall for his stuff.” Moments later, after failing to
get a call, Bryant hurled the ball, screamed at the ref and was whistled for a
technical foul.
Just after
that, the half ended, but not before Battier was tempted by a tiny act of
basketball selfishness. The Rockets’ front office has picked up a glitch in
Battier’s philanthropic approach to the game: in the final second of any
quarter, finding himself with the ball and on the wrong side of the half-court
line, Battier refuses to heave it honestly at the basket, in an improbable but
not impossible attempt to score. He heaves it disingenuously, and a millisecond
after the buzzer sounds. Daryl Morey could think of only one explanation: a
miss lowers Battier’s shooting percentage. “I tell him we don’t count heaves in
our stats,” Morey says, “but Shane’s smart enough to know that his next team
might not be smart enough to take the heaves out.” Tonight, the ball landed in Battier’s hands
milliseconds before the half finished. He moved just slowly enough for the
buzzer to sound, heaved the ball the length of the floor and then sprinted to
the locker room — having not taken a single shot.
In 1996 a
young writer for The Basketball Times named Dan Wetzel thought it might be neat
to move into the life of a star high-school basketball player and watch up
close as big-time basketball colleges recruited him. He picked Shane Battier,
and then spent five months trailing him, with growing incredulity. “I’d covered
high-school basketball for eight years and talked to hundreds and hundreds and
hundreds of kids — really every single prominent high-school basketball player
in the country,” Wetzel says. “There’s this public perception that they’re all
thugs. But they aren’t. A lot of them are really good guys, and some of them
are very, very bright. Kobe’s very bright. LeBron’s very bright. But there’s
absolutely never been anything like Shane Battier.” Wetzel watched this kid, inundated with
offers of every kind, take charge of an unprincipled process. Battier narrowed
his choices to six schools — Kentucky, Kansas, North Carolina, Duke, Michigan
and Michigan State — and told everyone else, politely, to leave him be. He then
set out to minimize the degree to which the chosen schools could interfere with
his studies; he had a 3.96 G.P.A. and was poised to claim Detroit Country Day
School’s headmaster’s cup for best all-around student. He granted each head
coach a weekly 15-minute window in which to phone him. These men happened to be
among the most famous basketball coaches in the world and the most persistent
recruiters, but Battier granted no exceptions. When the Kentucky coach Rick
Pitino, who had just won a national championship, tried to call Battier outside
his assigned time, Battier simply removed Kentucky from his list. “What
17-year-old has the stones to do that?” Wetzel asks. “To just cut off Rick
Pitino because he calls outside his window?” Wetzel answers his own question: “It
wasn’t like, ‘This is a really interesting 17-year-old.’ It was like, ‘This
isn’t real.’ ”
Battier,
even as a teenager, was as shrewd as he was disciplined. The minute he figured
out where he was headed, he called a sensational high-school power forward in
Peekskill, N.Y., named Elton Brand — and talked him into joining him at Duke.
(Brand now plays for the Philadelphia 76ers.) “I thought he’d be the first
black president,” Wetzel says. “He was Barack Obama before Barack Obama.” Last July, as we sat in the library of the
Detroit Country Day School, watching, or trying to watch, his March 2008
performance against Kobe Bryant, Battier was much happier instead talking about
Obama, both of whose books he had read. (“The first was better than the
second,” he said.) He said he hated watching himself play, then proved it by
refusing to watch himself play. My every attempt to draw his attention to the
action on the video monitor was met by some distraction.
I pointed to
his footwork; he pointed to a gorgeous young woman in the stands wearing a
Battier jersey. (“You don’t see too many good-looking girls with Battier
jerseys on,” he said. “It’s usually 12 and under or 60 and over. That’s my
demographic.”) I noted the uncanny way in which he got his hand right in front
of Bryant’s eyes before a shot; he motioned to his old high school library (“I
came in here every day before classes”). He took my excessive interest in this
one game as proof of a certain lack of imagination, I’m pretty sure. “I’ve been
doing the same thing for seven years,” he said, “and this is the only game
anyone wants to talk about. It’s like, Oh, you can play defense?” It grew clear
that one reason he didn’t particularly care to watch himself play, apart from
the tedium of it, was that he plays the game so self-consciously. Unable to
count on the game to properly measure his performance, he learned to do so
himself. He had, in some sense, already seen the video. When I finally
compelled him to watch, he was knocking the ball out of Bryant’s hands as
Bryant raised it from his waist to his chin. “If I get to be commissioner, that
will count as a blocked shot,” Battier said. “But it’s nothing. They don’t
count it as a blocked shot. I do that at least 30 times a season.”
In the
statistically insignificant sample of professional athletes I’ve come to know a
bit, two patterns have emerged. The first is, they tell you meaningful things
only when you talk to them in places other than where they have been trained to
answer questions. It’s pointless, for instance, to ask a basketball player
about himself inside his locker room. For a start, he is naked; for another,
he’s surrounded by the people he has learned to mistrust, his own teammates.
The second pattern is the fact that seemingly trivial events in their
childhoods have had huge influence on their careers. A cleanup hitter lives and
dies by a swing he perfected when he was 7; a quarterback has a hitch in his
throwing motion because he imitated his father. Here, in the Detroit Country
Day School library, a few yards from the gym, Battier was back where he became
a basketball player. And he was far less interested in what happened between
him and Kobe Bryant four months ago than what happened when he was 12. When he entered Detroit Country Day in seventh
grade, he was already conspicuous at 6-foot-4, and a year later he would be
6-foot-7. “Growing up tall was something I got used to,” he said. “I was the
kid about whom they always said, ‘Check his birth certificate.’ ” He was also
the only kid in school with a black father and a white mother. Oddly enough,
the school had just graduated a famous black basketball player, Chris Webber.
Webber won three state championships and was named national high-school player
of the year. “Chris was a man-child,” says his high school basketball coach,
Kurt Keener. “Everyone wanted Shane to be the next Chris Webber, but Shane
wasn’t like that.” Battier had never heard of Webber and didn’t understand why,
when he took to the Amateur Athletic Union circuit and played with black
inner-city kids, he found himself compared unfavorably with Webber: “I kept
hearing ‘He’s too soft’ or ‘He’s not an athlete.’ ” His high-school coach was
aware of the problems he had when he moved from white high-school games to the
black A.A.U. circuit. “I remember trying to add some flair to his game,” Keener
says, “but it was like teaching a classical dancer to do hip-hop. I came to the
conclusion he didn’t have the ego for it.”
Battier was
half-white and half-black, but basketball, it seemed, was either black or
white. A small library of Ph.D. theses might usefully be devoted to the reasons
for this. For instance, is it a coincidence that many of the things a player
does in white basketball to prove his character — take a charge, scramble for a
loose ball — are more pleasantly done on a polished wooden floor than they are
on inner-city asphalt? Is it easier to “play for the team” when that team is
part of some larger institution? At any rate, the inner-city kids with whom he
played on the A.A.U. circuit treated Battier like a suburban kid with a white
game, and the suburban kids he played with during the regular season treated
him like a visitor from the planet where they kept the black people. “On Martin
Luther King Day, everyone in class would look at me like I was supposed to know
who he was and why he was important,” Battier said. “When we had an official
school picture, every other kid was given a comb. I was the only one given a
pick.” He was awkward and shy, or as he put it: “I didn’t present well. But I’m
in the eighth grade! I’m just trying to fit in!” And yet here he was shuttling
between a black world that treated him as white and a white world that treated
him as black. ‘‘Everything I’ve done since then is because of what I went
through with this,” he said. “What I did is alienate myself from everybody. I’d
eat lunch by myself. I’d study by myself. And I sort of lost myself in the
game.”
Losing
himself in the game meant fitting into the game, and fitting into the game
meant meshing so well that he became hard to see. In high school he was almost
always the best player on the court, but even then he didn’t embrace the
starring role. “He had a tendency to defer,” Keener says. “He had this
incredible ability to make everyone around him better. But I had to tell him to
be more assertive. The one game we lost his freshman year, it was because he
deferred to the seniors.” Even when he was clearly the best player and could
have shot the ball at will, he was more interested in his role in the larger unit.
But it is a mistake to see in his detachment from self an absence of ego, or
ambition, or even desire for attention. When Battier finished telling me the
story of this unpleasant period in his life, he said: “Chris Webber won three
state championships, the Mr. Basketball Award and the Naismith Award. I won
three state championships, Mr. Basketball and the Naismith Awards. All the
things they said I wasn’t able to do, when I was in the 8th grade.” “Who’s they?” I asked. “Pretty much everyone,” he said. “White people?” “No,” he said. “The street.”
As the third
quarter began, Battier’s face appeared overhead, on the Jumbotron, where he
hammed it up and exhorted the crowd. Throughout the game he was up on the thing
more than any other player: plugging teeth-whitening formulas, praising local
jewelers, making public-service announcements, telling the fans to make noise.
When I mentioned to a Rockets’ staff member that Battier seemed to have far
more than his fair share of big-screen appearances, he said, “Probably because
he’s the only one who’ll do them.” I
spent the second half with Sam Hinkie, the vice president of basketball
operations and the head of basketball analytics in the Rockets’ front office.
The game went back and forth. Bryant kept missing more shots than he made.
Neither team got much of a lead. More remarkable than the game were Hinkie’s
reactions — and it soon became clear that while he obviously wanted the Rockets
to win, he was responding to different events on the court than the typical
Rockets (or N.B.A.) fan was. “I care a
lot more about what ought to have happened than what actually happens,” said
Hinkie, who has an M.B.A. from Stanford.
The routine
N.B.A. game, he explained, is decided by a tiny percentage of the total points scored.
A team scores on average about 100 points a game, but two out of three N.B.A.
games are decided by fewer than 6 points — two or three possessions. The effect
of this, in his mind, was to raise significantly the importance of every little
thing that happened. The Lakers’ Trevor Ariza, who makes 29 percent of his
3-point shots, hit a crazy 3-pointer, and as the crowd moaned, Hinkie was
almost distraught. “That Ariza shot, that is really painful,” he said. “Because
it’s a near-random event. And it’s a 3-point swing.” When Bryant drove to the
basket, instead of being forced to take a jump shot, he said: “That’s
three-eighths of a point. These things accumulate.” In this probabilistic spirit we watched the
battle between Battier and Bryant. From Hinkie’s standpoint, it was going
extremely well: “With most guys, Shane can kick them from their good zone to
bad zone, but with Kobe you’re just picking your poison. It’s the epitome of,
Which way do you want to die?” Only the Rockets weren’t dying. Battier had once
again turned Bryant into a less-efficient machine of death. Even when the shots
dropped, they came from the places on the court where the Rockets’ front office
didn’t mind seeing them drop. “That’s all you can do,” Hinkie said, after
Bryant sank an 18-footer. “Get him to an inefficient spot and contest.” And
then all of a sudden it was 97-95, Lakers, with a bit more than three minutes
to play, and someone called timeout. “We’re in it,” Hinkie said, happily. “And
some of what happens from here on will be randomness.”
The team
with the N.B.A.’s best record was being taken to the wire by Yao Ming and a
collection of widely unesteemed players. Moments later, I looked up at the
scoreboard- Bryant: 30. Battier: 0. Hinkie
followed my gaze and smiled. “I know that doesn’t look good,” he said,
referring to the players’ respective point totals. But if Battier wasn’t in
there, he went on to say: “we lose by 12. No matter what happens now, none of
our coaches will say, ‘If only we could have gotten a little more out of
Battier.’ ” One statistical rule of
thumb in basketball is that a team leading by more points than there are
minutes left near the end of the game has an 80 percent chance of winning. If
your team is down by more than 6 points halfway through the final quarter, and
you’re anxious to beat the traffic, you can leave knowing that there is
slightly less than a 20 percent chance you’ll miss a victory; on the other
hand, if you miss a victory, it will have been an improbable and therefore
sensational one. At no point on this night has either team had enough of a lead
to set fans, or even Rockets management, to calculating their confidence
intervals- but then, with 2:27 to play, the Lakers went up by 4: 99-95. Then
they got the ball back. The ball went to Bryant, and Battier shaded him left- into Yao Ming. Bryant dribbled and took the
best shot he could, from Battier’s perspective: a long 2-point jump shot, off
the dribble, while moving left. He missed, the Rockets ran back the other way,
Rafer Alston drove the lane and hit a floater: 99-97, and 1:13 on the clock.
The Lakers missed another shot. Alston grabbed the rebound and called timeout
with 59 seconds left. Whatever the
Rockets planned went instantly wrong, when the inbound pass, as soon as it was
caught by the Rockets’ Carl Landry, was swatted away by the Lakers. The ball
was loose, bodies flew everywhere. 55 .
. . 54 . . . 53 . . . On the side of the
court opposite the melee, Battier froze. The moment he saw that the loose ball
was likely to be secured by a teammate — but before it was secured — he
sprinted to the corner. 50 . . . 49 . .
. 48 . . .
The 3-point
shot from the corner is the single most efficient shot in the N.B.A. One way
the Rockets can tell if their opponents have taken to analyzing basketball in
similar ways as they do is their attitude to the corner 3: the smart teams take
a lot of them and seek to prevent their opponents from taking them. In basketball there is only so much you can
plan, however, especially at a street-ball moment like this. As it happened,
Houston’s Rafer Alston was among the most legendary street-ball players of all
time — known as Skip 2 My Lou, a nickname he received after a single
spectacular move at Rucker Park, in Harlem. “Shane wouldn’t last in street ball
because in street ball no one wants to see” his game, Alston told me earlier.
“You better give us something to ooh and ahh about. No one cares about someone
who took a charge.” The Rockets’ offense
had broken down, and there was no usual place for Alston, still back near the
half-court line, to go with the ball. The Lakers’ defense had also broken down;
no player was where he was meant to be. The only person exactly where he should
have been — wide open, standing at the most efficient spot on the floor from
which to shoot — was Shane Battier. When Daryl Morey spoke of basketball
intelligence, a phrase slipped out: “the I.Q. of where to be.” Fitting in on a
basketball court, in the way Battier fits in, requires the I.Q. of where to be.
Bang: Alston hit Battier with a long pass. Bang: Battier shot the 3,
guiltlessly. Nothing but net. Rockets
100, Lakers 99. 43 . . . 42 . . . 41 . .
.
At this
moment, the Rockets’ front office would later calculate, the team’s chances of
winning rose from 19.2 percent to 72.6 percent. One day some smart person will
study the correlation between shifts in probabilities and levels of noise, but
for now the crowd was ignorantly berserk: it sounded indeed like the largest
crowd in the history of Houston’s Toyota Center. Bryant got the ball at
half-court and dribbled idly, searching for his opening. This was his moment,
the one great players are said to live for, when everyone knows he’s going to
take the shot, and he takes it anyway. On the other end of the floor it wasn’t the
shooter who mattered but the shot. Now the shot was nothing, the shooter
everything. 33 . . . 32 . . . 31 . . . Bryant — 12 for 31 on the night — took off
and drove to the right, his strength, in the middle of the lane. Battier cut
him off. Bryant tossed the ball back out to Derek Fisher, out of shooting
range. 30 . . . 29 . . . Like everyone else in the place, Battier
assumed that the game was still in Bryant’s hands. If he gave the ball up, it
was only so that he might get it back. Bryant popped out. He was now a good
four feet beyond the 3-point line, or nearly 30 feet from the basket. 28 . . .
Bryant
caught the ball and, 27.4 feet from the basket, the Rockets’ front office would
later determine, leapt. Instantly his view of that basket was blocked by
Battier’s hand. This was not an original situation. Since the 2002-3 season,
Bryant had taken 51 3-pointers at the very end of close games from farther than
26.75 feet from the basket. He had missed 86.3 percent of them. A little over a
year ago the Lakers lost to the Cleveland Cavaliers after Bryant missed a 3
from 28.4 feet. Three nights from now the Lakers would lose to the Orlando
Magic after Bryant missed a shot from 27.5 feet that would have tied the game. It was a shot Battier could live with, even if
it turned out to be good. Battier looked
back to see the ball drop through the basket and hit the floor. In that brief
moment he was the picture of detachment, less a party to a traffic accident
than a curious passer-by. And then he laughed. The process had gone just as he
hoped. The outcome he never could control.
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/15/magazine/15Battier-t.html?_r=1&em
Shane Battier Stars In Heat's Game 7 NBA Finals Win
(By Ian Ransom, Reuters, 21 June 2013)
Shane Battier,
benched earlier in the playoffs, delivered a masterclass in three-point
shooting for the Miami Heat, playing a vital role in their 95-88 win in the NBA
Finals on Thursday. Battier made a
postseason, career-high six three-point field goals as he scored 18 - his
highest points total in a playoff game in four years. "Reports of my demise were
premature," said a grinning Battier, who did not feature at all in the
crunch Game Seven of the Eastern Conference final against the Indiana Pacers.
Averaging just four points per game in this year's playoffs, Battier was
certainly not expected to have 28 minutes on court in Game Seven - more than he
played in the first four games of the Finals.
"The basketball gods - I believe in basketball gods and I felt they
owed me big-time. I had a bunch of shots in San Antonio that went in and
out," he said. "I know I am a
better shooter than my numbers put up. A lot goes into it - I thought I had
some open looks in the last two games and when I have open looks, I expect to
make them - and I did," he said. Battier's
performance mirrored that of Mike Millers in last season's title-clinching game
when he scored seven three-pointers to sink the Oklahoma City Thunder.
The display left Heat coach Erik Spoelstra praising the perfect attitude
Battier took to being left out of the action.
"He was smart enough to know that sometimes it is about match-ups
and in a series things change. But he is so important to what we do that
eventually he would get his chance again - when he did, he made the most of it. "The guy has won at every single level -
high school, college, pro and that's not a coincidence. He has something
running through those veins that separates him, makes him a little bit
different as a champion." It was a
Battier three, early in the third quarter that gave Miami a four-point cushion,
setting the tone for the second half and igniting the crowd and another of his
trademark long-range baskets that made it 88-82.
Dwyane Wade, who claimed his third NBA championship with Miami, having been
part of the 2006 title-winning team, said Battier's display epitomised the way
in which the Heat's supporting cast had made a key contribution. "In Game Six it was Ray Allen with the
big shot and obviously last year Mike Miller had an unbelievable
performance," he said. "Shane
hadn't hit a shot since I don't know when but tonight he was unconscious. He's
just a big-time player. You want that for Shane so bad. "He is going to go down as one of my
favourite team-mates of all time just by being the guy that he is. And we needed it. We needed every inch of
what everybody gave".
